{ "$schema": "https://iarpg.com/world-context-profile.schema.json", "id": "https://iarpg.com/world-context/entities/trinidad-and-tobago.json", "release": "IARPG-OPS-2", "version": "2.0.22-wip", "status": "work-in-progress-archival-context-profile", "updated_utc": "2026-07-23T04:49:00Z", "truth_boundary": "This publication is a curated archival snapshot derived from the supplied 2025 Factbook CSV. It is not a live country feed, geopolitical assessment, legal authority, current office-holder directory, ranking system, risk score, intelligence product, or substitute for locally authored and current primary sources. Individual fields use different estimate years, and the source-code column is preserved as source metadata rather than treated as unique ISO 3166-1 authority.", "profile": { "entity_id": "trinidad-and-tobago", "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "source_code": "TT", "source_entity_class": "country-roadmap", "source_region": "Central America and the Caribbean", "roadmap_country": "Trinidad and Tobago", "coverage_region": "Americas", "roadmap_status": "matched", "profile_status": "archival-context-not-current-assessment", "source_row_count": 137, "published_fact_count": 49, "available_lenses": [ "place", "people", "institutions", "economy", "infrastructure", "environment" ], "summary": { "population": 1410170.0, "area_sq_km": 5128.0, "capital": "Port of Spain", "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "life_expectancy_years": 76.5, "urban_population_percent": 53.4, "internet_users_percent": 85.0, "electricity_access_percent": 100.0, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 31700.0, "gdp_per_capita_estimate_year": 2024, "landlocked": false }, "facts": { "background": { "id": "background", "label": "Background", "category": "Introduction", "lens": "place", "content": "First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export that remains the country's dominant industry. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. The government is struggling to reverse a surge in violent crime.", "display": "First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' s…", "source_field": "Background", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1917 }, "location": { "id": "location", "label": "Location", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "display": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela", "source_field": "Location", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "map_reference": { "id": "map_reference", "label": "Map references", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "Central America and the Caribbean", "display": "Central America and the Caribbean", "source_field": "Map references", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "area": { "id": "area", "label": "Area", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "total : 5,128 sq km | land: 5,128 sq km | water: 0 sq km", "display": "total : 5,128 sq km", "source_field": "Area", "value": 5128.0, "estimate_year": null }, "coastline": { "id": "coastline", "label": "Coastline", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "362 km", "display": "362 km", "source_field": "Coastline", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "terrain": { "id": "terrain", "label": "Terrain", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains", "display": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains", "source_field": "Terrain", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "climate": { "id": "climate", "label": "Climate", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)", "display": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)", "source_field": "Climate", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "elevation": { "id": "elevation", "label": "Elevation", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m | mean elevation: 83 m", "display": "highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m", "source_field": "Elevation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_hazards": { "id": "natural_hazards", "label": "Natural hazards", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms", "display": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms", "source_field": "Natural hazards", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "natural_resources": { "id": "natural_resources", "label": "Natural resources", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt", "display": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt", "source_field": "Natural resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population_distribution": { "id": "population_distribution", "label": "Population distribution", "category": "Geography", "lens": "place", "content": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half", "display": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half", "source_field": "Population distribution", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "population": { "id": "population", "label": "Population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.) | male: 708,677 | female: 701,493", "display": "total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population", "value": 1410170.0, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "population_growth": { "id": "population_growth", "label": "Population growth rate", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "display": "0.08% (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Population growth rate", "value": 0.0008, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "urbanization": { "id": "urbanization", "label": "Urbanization", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023) | rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)", "display": "urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023)", "source_field": "Urbanization", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "languages": { "id": "languages", "label": "Languages", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese", "display": "English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese", "source_field": "Languages", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "religions": { "id": "religions", "label": "Religions", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)", "display": "Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman…", "source_field": "Religions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2011 }, "life_expectancy": { "id": "life_expectancy", "label": "Life expectancy at birth", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.) | male: 74.6 years | female: 78.4 years", "display": "total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Life expectancy at birth", "value": 76.5, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "median_age": { "id": "median_age", "label": "Median age", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "total: 39.1 years (2025 est.) | male: 38 years | female: 39 years", "display": "total: 39.1 years (2025 est.)", "source_field": "Median age", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "major_urban_areas": { "id": "major_urban_areas", "label": "Major urban areas - population", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)", "display": "545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)", "source_field": "Major urban areas - population", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "literacy": { "id": "literacy", "label": "Literacy", "category": "People and Society", "lens": "people", "content": "female: 93.8% (2022 est.)", "display": "female: 93.8% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Literacy", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "country_name": { "id": "country_name", "label": "Country name", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago | conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago | etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island \"La Isla de la Trinidad\" (The Island of the Trinity) in 1498, possibly because of the three mountain peaks on the island; COLUMBUS may have gotten the name Tobago, spelled \"tobaco\" in Spanish, from the tobacco grown and smoked locally, or from its elongated cigar shape", "display": "conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago", "source_field": "Country name", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "capital": { "id": "capital", "label": "Capital", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "name: Port of Spain | geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W | time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: translation of the name the Spanish gave the town in 1595, Puerto de España; the name was anglicized after the British captured Trinidad in 1797", "display": "name: Port of Spain", "source_field": "Capital", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "government_type": { "id": "government_type", "label": "Government type", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "parliamentary republic", "display": "parliamentary republic", "source_field": "Government type", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "legal_system": { "id": "legal_system", "label": "Legal system", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "display": "English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts", "source_field": "Legal system", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "constitution": { "id": "constitution", "label": "Constitution", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "history: previous 1962; latest 1976 | amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president", "display": "history: previous 1962; latest 1976", "source_field": "Constitution", "value": null, "estimate_year": 1962 }, "administrative_divisions": { "id": "administrative_divisions", "label": "Administrative divisions", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward | regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco | borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin | cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando | ward: Tobago", "display": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward", "source_field": "Administrative divisions", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "international_organizations": { "id": "international_organizations", "label": "International organization participation", "category": "Government", "lens": "institutions", "content": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO", "display": "ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inte…", "source_field": "International organization participation", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "economic_overview": { "id": "economic_overview", "label": "Economic overview", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund", "display": "high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large fore…", "source_field": "Economic overview", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "gdp_ppp": { "id": "gdp_ppp", "label": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$43.362 billion (2024 est.) | $42.658 billion (2023 est.) | $42.058 billion (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$43.362 billion (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)", "value": 43.362, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_per_capita": { "id": "gdp_per_capita", "label": "Real GDP per capita", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "$31,700 (2024 est.) | $31,200 (2023 est.) | $30,800 (2022 est.) | note: data in 2021 dollars", "display": "$31,700 (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP per capita", "value": 31700.0, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "gdp_growth": { "id": "gdp_growth", "label": "Real GDP growth rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "1.7% (2024 est.) | 1.4% (2023 est.) | 1.1% (2022 est.) | note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency", "display": "1.7% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Real GDP growth rate", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "inflation": { "id": "inflation", "label": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "0.5% (2024 est.) | 4.6% (2023 est.) | 5.8% (2022 est.) | note: annual % change based on consumer prices", "display": "0.5% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Inflation rate (consumer prices)", "value": 0.005, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "unemployment": { "id": "unemployment", "label": "Unemployment rate", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "4.6% (2024 est.) | 4.3% (2023 est.) | 4.4% (2022 est.) | note: % of labor force seeking employment", "display": "4.6% (2024 est.)", "source_field": "Unemployment rate", "value": 0.046, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "industries": { "id": "industries", "label": "Industries", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles", "display": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles", "source_field": "Industries", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "agricultural_products": { "id": "agricultural_products", "label": "Agricultural products", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023) | note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage", "display": "chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023)", "source_field": "Agricultural products", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "exports_commodities": { "id": "exports_commodities", "label": "Exports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023) | note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023)", "source_field": "Exports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "imports_commodities": { "id": "imports_commodities", "label": "Imports - commodities", "category": "Economy", "lens": "economy", "content": "railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023) | note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars", "display": "railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023)", "source_field": "Imports - commodities", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "internet_users": { "id": "internet_users", "label": "Internet users", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "display": "percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Internet users", "value": 0.85, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "fixed_broadband": { "id": "fixed_broadband", "label": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "category": "Communications", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 404,000 (2023 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)", "display": "total: 404,000 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Broadband - fixed subscriptions", "value": 404000.0, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "electricity_access": { "id": "electricity_access", "label": "Electricity access", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "display": "electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity access", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "electricity_sources": { "id": "electricity_sources", "label": "Electricity generation sources", "category": "Energy", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) | solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "display": "fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Electricity generation sources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "airports": { "id": "airports", "label": "Airports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "3 (2025)", "display": "3 (2025)", "source_field": "Airports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2025 }, "ports": { "id": "ports", "label": "Ports", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total ports: 10 (2024) | large: 0 | medium: 1 | small: 4 | very small: 5 | ports with oil terminals: 8 | key ports: Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain", "display": "total ports: 10 (2024)", "source_field": "Ports", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2024 }, "merchant_marine": { "id": "merchant_marine", "label": "Merchant marine", "category": "Transportation", "lens": "infrastructure", "content": "total: 102 (2023) | by type: general cargo 1, other 101", "display": "total: 102 (2023)", "source_field": "Merchant marine", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "environmental_issues": { "id": "environmental_issues", "label": "Environmental issues", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion; fisheries and wildlife depletion", "display": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion;…", "source_field": "Environmental issues", "value": null, "estimate_year": null }, "co2_emissions": { "id": "co2_emissions", "label": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from coal and metallurgical coke: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from petroleum and other liquids: 3.634 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) | from consumed natural gas: 29.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "display": "33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)", "source_field": "Carbon dioxide emissions", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2023 }, "renewable_water": { "id": "renewable_water", "label": "Total renewable water resources", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total renewable water resources", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "water_withdrawal": { "id": "water_withdrawal", "label": "Total water withdrawal", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | industrial: 128.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) | agricultural: 16.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "display": "municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)", "source_field": "Total water withdrawal", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2022 }, "environmental_agreements": { "id": "environmental_agreements", "label": "International environmental agreements", "category": "Environment", "lens": "environment", "content": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements", "display": "party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardo…", "source_field": "International environmental agreements", "value": null, "estimate_year": 2006 } }, "profile_url": "/world-context/entities/trinidad-and-tobago.json" } }